Exploration and Attentiveness of Lipid Profiles, Serum Magnesium, HbA1C Level in Urban Pakistan (Karachi): Diabetic Patients (Type 1 and Type 2) vs. Healthy Persons

  • Samina Alam
  • Huma Dilshad
  • Ghazala Parveen
  • Saima Saleem
  • Tanweer Alam
  • Halima Moin
  • Ghazal Iftikhar
  • Madiha Muhammad Amin
  • Anum Muuzaffar Sheikh
  • Arifa Muhammad Farooq
Keywords: Awareness, investigations, cholesterol, diabetes, HbA1C

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is most noticeable and the prevalent diseases in Pakistan. The point of this investigation was the awareness and estimation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), serum magnesium and lipid profile in normal healthy persons and diabetic patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was directed in diverse age groups of Pakistani nationals i.e., 300 subjects, 100 diabetics not including complications (Set I), 100 diabetics with complications (Set II) and 100 usual normal healthy (Set III). Data was collected by means of personal interview with the participants using a pre-designed questionnaire which was prepared by the pharmacy students of Jinnah University for Women, for each diabetic and non-diabetic patient.

Results: In this survey glucose, magnesium, HbA1C (%), cholesterol and triglyceride level were conducted in diabetic patients (39-56 of age), and awareness of DM were conducted (15 to above 25 of age). Patients having diabetes were 47.1%, among them 11.8% were type 2 diabetic and 5.1% having type1 DM. HbA1C results were in between 6.6% to 11.2%, awareness about the magnesium serum test were 29.30%, 21.4% patients have complications of proteinuria and albuminuria, 7.1% have nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. 40% have hypertension, 61.40% never checked their blood sugar level and 21.7% don’t have knowledge about type 3 diabetes.

Conclusion: The motivation behind this examination was to assemble data about the level of control of diabetes with improving knowledge and awareness of DM to better inform patients, families, and communities about this chronic disease in existing healthcare systems.

Author Biographies

Samina Alam

Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Huma Dilshad

Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Ghazala Parveen

Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Saima Saleem

Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Tanweer Alam

Faculty of Pharmacy, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan

Halima Moin

Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Ghazal Iftikhar

Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Madiha Muhammad Amin

Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Anum Muuzaffar Sheikh

Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Arifa Muhammad Farooq

Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

Published
2019-07-31