A Review on Vaccine Development Strategies Against Emerging Pathogens: COVID-19 Experience

Abstract

There may be some mutually useful lessons to be learned by comparing the vaccine methods and technical platforms utilised for the COVID-19 pandemic to those used for earlier emerging(like HIV infections, SARS, Lyme disease, hantavirus, dengue fever, West Nile virus, and the Zika virus)and re-emerging(including malaria, tuberculosis, cholera, pertussis, influenza, pneumococcal disease, and gonorrhea) infectious illnesses and pandemics. Regulators, health authorities, and political constituencies all face considerable challenges as a result of the enormous breadth and rapidity of the development of contemporary infectious diseases. Vaccine manufacture and delivery are challenging and complex processes. Together with speed, other important factors include pharmacovigilance of vaccination safety, tracking of virus changes, and clinical development to emergency use authorisation and licence. The importance of vaccine access must be prioritised in low- and middle-income countries. The result of efforts to halt the current and any prospective pandemics of infectious illnesses will be greatly influenced by the total of these factors.